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Explanation of Technical Terms
This section is an attempt to define some of our more technical terms. The definition you see on the right is a approximate version of what I think, some of it is taken from the manual (by Gen Choi Hong Hi) and the rest is from seminars. If you have a question then please ask me. I'll try and help.
| Definitions | |
|---|---|
| Term/Phrase | Interpretation |
| Body Dropping (Mom Nachugi) | This is mainly used to block a flying attack towards the high section. To perform the technique effectively you must not telegraph that you are about to "drop" your body otherwise you will be rendered helpless. |
| Checking Block (Momchau Makgi) | This is used to stop primarily a Reverse Turning Kick (Bandae Dollyo Chagi) or Turning Kick (Dollyo Chagi). It can however be used to block a hand technique to the Solar Plexus (Myong Chi) and areas above. X-Fist (Kyocha Joomuk), X-Knifehand (Kyocha Sonkal), Straight Forearm (Sun Palmok) or Straight Knifehand (Sun Sonkal). |
| Checking (Momchugi) | This is used to protect the face from a Downward Strike (Naeryo Taerigi) or Kick. It is performed with X-Fist (Kyocha Joomuk), X-Knifehand (Kyocha Sonkal), Straight Forearm (Sun Palmok) Straight Knifehand (Sun Sonkal). This only applies to ground techniques. |
| Circular Block (Dollimyo Makgi) | This is used to stop two attacks and is usually used with Inner Forearm (An Palmok) or Reverse Knifehand (Sonkal Dung), although a Knifehand (Sonkal) can also be used. |
| Combination Attack (Honap Gong Gyok Chagi) | Both attacking tools are used to attack in succession - this terminology is generally reserved for kicks in the air. These attacks can be punches, throusts or strikes. |
| Combination Kick (Honhap Chagi) | Both feet are used to kick in succession - this terminology is generally reserved for kicks in the air. |
| Consecutive Attack (Yonsak Gong Gyok) | Two or more attacks are executed in succession by the same attacking hand/foot in different directions and/or with different tools to a single/multiple direction. |
| Consecutive Kick (Yonsak Chagi) | Two or more kicks are executed in succession by the same foot in different directions and/or with different tools to a single/multiple directions. |
| Covering (Karioogi) | This is a passive technique, although it can be effective in reducing the amount of injury delivered. It also gains time to prepare a counter attack. It can be performed with an Alternate Back Hand (Euhkallin Son Dung), Parallel Back Hand (Narani Son Dung), Overlapped Back Hand (Pogaen Son Dung), X-Back Hand (Kyocha Son Dung) or Alternate Forearm (Euhkallin Palmok). This only applies to ground techniques. |
| Dodging (Pihagi) | This technique allows you to avoid an attack and reduce the effect that the attacks momentum has by moving (usually) backwards, although you can move in all directions, including forwards. A guard should normally be used in order to protect against a further attack. You should maintain a flexible posture (Often Rear Foot Stance, (Dwit bal So)) to prepare for a decisive blow. Dodging does NOT need to be flying. |
| Dodging Kick (Pihamyo Chagi) | This is used when the opponent is too close to attack effectively. It is executed by flying away and kicking towards the opponent at the same time. |
| Double Attack (I-Jung Gong Gyok) | The same type of attack is delivered twice in succession in the same direction by thbe same attacking tool. |
| Double Kick (I-Jung Chagi) | Same type of attack delivered twice in succession in the same direction by the same foot, it can be against either one or two opponents. |
| Downward Block (Naeryo Makgi) | This technique is designed to "drop" the attackers hand, foot or weapon which is attacking towards the Solar Plexus (Myong Chi). You can use Palm (Sonbadak), Alternate Palm (Euhkallin Sonbadak), Forearm (Palmok), Twin Forearm (Sang Palmok), Knifehand (Sonkal), Twin Knifehand (Sang Sonkal), X-Fist (Kyocha Joomuk), X-Knifehand (Kyocha Sonkal) as the blocking tools. The focus of the block is at the defenders Solar Plexus (Myong Chi). |
| Flying Attack (Twimyo Gong Gyok) | An attack with both feet in the air. Usually to cover a protracted distance or to avoid a low attack. |
| Flying Combination Attack (Twimyo Honap Jirugi) | Any combination of hand attack can be used with any tool and method. this can be in any direction. |
| Flying Double Attack (Twimyo I-Jung Gong Gyok) | This technique is particularly useful against a target that is rapidly moving back, since the second attack (or third, or forth) can be successful should the previous ones fail to hit achieve their target. A horizontal attack is used against a bobbing opponent and a vertical attack against one which weaving. An attack with both feet in the air. Usually to cover a protracted distance or to avoid a low attack. |
| Flying Double Strike (Twimyo I-Jung Taerigi) | This is performed in the same manner as a Flying Double Attack except that the Back Fist and Knifehands are the primary attacking tools. Only an Outward attack with the Back Fist is possible. Both Horizontal and Vertical strikes can be used. |
| Flying Double Thrust (Twimyo I-Jung Tulgi) | This is performed in the same manner as a Flying Double Attack except that the Fingertips are primary attacking tool. |
| Flying High Kick (Tmimyo Nopi Chagi) | This is performed against an extremely tall opponent, or someone in a high place. Keep both feet raised while kicking, use the Ball of the Foot (Ap Kumchi), or Toes (Balkut) when wearing shoes. |
| Flying Kick (Twimyo Chagi) | A technique in the air moving towards an opponent. It has the advantage of surprise, as well as being able to attack high sections or avoiding a knife or club. A great deal of distance can also be covered. |
| Flying Triple Attack (Twimyo Samjoong Gong Gyok) | This is performed in the same manner as a Flying Double Attack. This technique is particularly useful against a target that is rapidly moving back, since the second attack (or third, or forth) can be successful should the previous ones fail to hit achieve their target. A horizontal attack is used against a bobbing opponent and a vertical attack against one which weaving. An attack with both feet in the air. Usually to cover a protracted distance or to avoid a low attack. |
| Flying Two Direction Kick (Twimyo Sangbang Chagi) | This is designed to be used to attack two opponents in opposite directions at the same time. |
| Foot Lifting (Bal Dulgi) | This is used to prevent a successful low attack (e.g. pressing kick) or a sweep. It usually allows for an immediate attack with the same foot. |
| Foot Shifting (Jajun Bal) | The purpose of this is to make modest adjustments between yourself and your opponent. Either one or both feet can be shifted in a smooth motion. |
| Front Block (Ap Makgi) | When the body is full facing and the blocking tool is at the center of the blockers body (i.e. at their chest line). It is always performed as a Inward Block except when using X-Fist (Kyocha Joomuk), X-Knifehand (Kyocha Sonkal) and Twin Palm (Sang Sonbadak). |
| Grasping Block (Butjaba Makgi) | The primary purpose is to put your opponent off balance, usually after a hooking block. You should pull the the hand or foot to affect this technique. This can also be used for throwing the opponent. Ensure that you dodge to the Side Rear/Front in order to avoid a counter attack. |
| Ground Technique (Noowo Gisool) | Any technique performed at close range whilst lying on the ground. Reaction Force (Bandong Ryok) is seldom used, more often the other hand will be used by pulling in the opposite direction. |
| Guarding Block (Daebi Makgi) | This stance is used as a guard particularly when free sparring. It provides a general defence by having the bodty half-facing and both arms ready to attack or defend. It is performed with Forearm (Palkup), Knifehand (Sonkal) or Reverse Knifehand (Sonkal Dung). |
| High Block (Nopunde Makgi) | When the fist or fingertips reach the opponents eye level at the moment of impact. If you are of a different heights then when the block reaches your eye level then it is considered a high block. Only hand techniques are used. You should only use these tools: Forearm (Palmok), Knifehand (sonkal), reverse Knifehand (Sonkal Dung), Palm (Sonbadak), Side Fist (Yop Joomuk), Back Hand (Dung Son Dung) or Double Forearm (Doo Palmok). High Blocks are used to stop attacks to the neck (Mok) and above. |
| High Kick (Nopunde Chagi) | When the attacking tool reaches the opponents eye level at the moment of impact. If you are of a different heights then when the attack reaches your eye level then it is considered a high attack. |
| Hooking Block (Golcho Makgi) | This block is used with minimum effort with Outer Forearm (Bakat Palmok), Knifehand (Sonkal), Back Hand (Dung Son Dung) and Palm (Sonbadak). An Outside Block is the most effective, particularly when using the Palm (Sonbadak) as this allows you the option of grabbing teh attacker. This type of block allows for an immediate counter-attack. |
| Holding (Bachigi) | This is used when the Solar Plexus (Myong Chi) and areas above are attacked. It has the benefit of being able to grab the attacking tool and twisting it in order to break the bone. This only applies to ground techniques. |
| Horizontal Block (Soopyong Makgi) | This is used to protect the Chest Area (Gasum) against a co-ordinated attack. The blocking tools are Twin Palm (Sang Sonbadak) or Twin Knifehand (Sang sonkal). |
| Jumping (Twigi) | There are two reasons to jump. The first is to cover a protracted (long) distance and the other is to dodge a low (swinging) attack. You should land in a correct stance immediately. |
| Inside Block (An Makgi) | A block to the inside of the attacking tool. Note, that you are open to attack from the attackers other hand/foot when performing this technique. |
| Inward Block (Anuro Makgi) | When the blocking tool reaches the target from an Outward to Inward trajectory (i.e. towards the chest line). It is used for blocking attacks drected to the Chest Line. |
| Low Block (Najunde Makgi) | When the blocking tool is at or below the Low Abdomen (Ha Bokboo). at the point it where it stops the attack. Hand or foot techniques are used with the following tools: Outer Forearm (Bakat Palmok), Knifehand (Sonkal), Reverse Knifehand (Sonkal Dung), Palm (Sonbadak) and the Side Sole (Balbadak). |
| Low Kick (Najunde Chagi) | When the attacking tool reaches he umbilicus of the opponent. If you are of a different heights then when the attack reaches your umbilicus then it is considered a low attack. |
| Luring Block (Yuin Makgi) | This is designed to put the attacker off balance by moving the attacking tool beyond its intended focus. The tools used are Palm (Sonbadak) or Knifehand (Sonkal). This technique requires a "fake" or feint. |
| Mid-Air (Twio Domyo Gong Gyok) | An attack executed in the air while spinning either 180° or 360° |
| Middle Block (Kaunde Makgi) | When the fist or fingertips reach the opponents shoulder level at the moment of impact. If you are of a different heights then when the block reaches your shoulder level then it is considered a middle block. You can also use Foot techniques to block at this level. You should use one of the following tools: Side Instep (Yop Baldung), Side Sole (Balbadak), Ball of the Foot (Ap Kumchi) or Back Sole (Dwi Kumchi). Middle blocks are used to stop attacks to the Solar Plexus (Myong Chi) and above. |
| Middle Kick (Nopunde Chagi) | When the attacking tool reaches the shoulder level of the opponent. If you are of a different heights then when the attack reaches your shoulder level then it is considered a middle attack. |
| Nine (9) Shape Block (Gutja Makgi) | This technique can be used to block two attacks, one against the Solar Plexus (Myong Chi) and the other against the Lower Abdomen (Ha Bokboo). It is also used for breaking the Elbow Joint (Palgup Gwanjol), Wrist (Sonmok Gwanjol) or Ankle (Balmok Gwanjol). |
| Outside Block (Bakat Makgi) | When you block to the Outside of the attacking tool. This can be against hand or foot attacks. An advantage is that it makes attacks with the attackers other hand or foot more difficult. |
| Outward Block (Bakuro Makgi) | When the blocking tool reaches the target from an inward to outward trajectory (i.e. away from the chest line). |
| Overhead Kick (Twio Nomo Chagi) | This is used to attack an opponent who is behind an obstacle, ensure that you swing yours feet in the air to increase the length of your jump. The footsword (Balkal) is the only attacking tool. |
| Parallel Block (Narani Makgi) | This is used to block a simultaneous attack toward the high section section. Usually you will use Outer Forearm (Bakat Palmok), Inner Forearm (An Palmok), Knifehand (Sonkal), Reverse Knifehand (Sonkal Dung), Back Hand (Dung Son Dung) and Back Forearm (Dwit Palkup). The body should be full facing. |
| Piercing Kick (Cha Jirugi) | This is performed in the same motion as a punch, with the same purpose. It can either be a Side or Back piercing kick. |
| Pressing Block (Noollo Makgi) | This is designed to Check rather than Break the attacking foot. It is always low. The Palm (Sonbadak), Forefist (Joomuk) and X-Fist (Kyocha Joomuk) are used as the blocking tools. |
| Pushing Block (Miro Makgi) | This technique is used to push the opponent off balance. You would normally use the Palm (Sonbadak) though a Double Forearm (Doo Palmok), Knifehand (Sonkal) or Reverse Knifehand (Sonkal Dung) can be used also. |
| Reflex Kick (Bansa Chagi) | This technique is used when there is a group of people or wall surrounding you, you can "bouce" off the wall to perform an attack in the opposite direction. |
| Rising Block (Chookyo Makgi) | This is can be used to stop a hand or foot technique. It can also be used against a weapon directed towards the head. The blocking tool must stay at the centre of the blockers head at the moment of blocking. This block can be performed with Forearm (Palmok), Knifehand (Sonkal), X-Fist (Kyocha Joomuk), X-Knifehand (Kyocha Sonkal), Archand (Bandalson) or Twin Palm (Sang Sonbadak). |
| Scooping Block (Duro Makgi) | This is used to put the opponent in an untenable position I.e. difficult position. This is achieved by holding up the attacking foot. It is usually performed with the Palm (Sonbadak), but can also be performed with the Reverse Knifehand (Sonkal Dung). You should se a large circular motion. |
| Side Block (Yop Makgi) | When the body is half or side facing to the opponent when blocking. Every stance and all blocking tools can be used. The block should be focused to the centre of the defenders shoulders. |
| Side Front Block (Yop Ap Makgi) | The middle finger of the blocking tool should be directly inline with your shoulder. It is always a high block. You should extend the opposite arm to the side downward position. Only Inner Forearm (An Palmok) and Reverse Knifehand (Sonkal Dung) can be used. |
| Side Piercing Kick (Yop Cha Jirugi) | This is used to attack an opponent (usually) to the side. The Footsword (Balkal) is the attacking tool. The targets are Temple (Gwanja Nori), Armpit (Gyodurang), Floating Ribs (Nuk Gol) and Neck Artery (Mok Dungmaek). Secondary targets include Philtrum (Injoong), Point of Chin (Mit Tok) and Solar Plexus (Myong Chi). This technique can be performed High, Middle or Low. |
| Smashing Kick (Cha Busigi) | These kicks are similar to Thrusting Techniques (Tulgi) where there is less rotation of the attacking tool. These kicks are dividied into: Front Snap Kick (Ap Cha Busigi), Back Snap Kick (Dwit Cha Busigi), Turning Kick (Dollyo Chagi), Twisting Kick (Bituro Chagi), Reverse Turning Kick (Bandae Dollyo Chagi), Reverse Hooking Kick (Bandae Dollyo Goro Chagi), Vertical Kick (Sewo Chagi), Downward Kick (Naeryo Chagi), Pick-Shape Kick (Gokaeng-I Chagi), Straight Kick (Jigeau Chagi), Pressing Kick (Noollo Chagi) and Stamping Kick (Cha Bapgi). |
| Striking Technique (Taerigi) | The attacking tool reaches the opponent with less rotation (then a puching motion) of the attacking tool. Its purpose is to break bone or destroy muscle. |
| Thrusting Technique (Tulgi) | The attacking tool reaches the opponent with little or no rotation of the attacking tool. The purpose is to cut through a close spot. |
| Triple Attack (SamJoong Gong Gyok) | The same type of attack is delivered three times in succession in the same direction by thbe same attacking tool. |
| Triple Kick (Samjung Chagi) | Same type of attack delivered three times in succession in the same direction by the same foot. |
| Tumbling Kick (Joma Chagi) | This is used to attack someone at close range using both feet. A single or double target is possible. When using the Ball of the Foot (Ap Kumchi) you are attacking an opponent approaching from the front, Back Heel (Dwitchook) for someone approaching from behind. |
| Upward Block (Ollyo Makgi) | This is designed to stop an attack (Foot, Hand, Knife or Stick) towards your Solar Plexus (Myong Chi) and above. The elbow should be bent 35° Outward at the moment of impact. The Palm (Sonbadak), Twin Palm (Sang Sonbadak), Reverse Knifehand (Sonkal Dung), Twin Reverse Knifehand (Sang Sonkal Dung), Twin Reverse Knifehand (Sang Sonkal Dung), Thumb Ridge (Umji Batang) and Bow Wrist (Sonmok Dung) can all be used as blocking tools. |
| U-Shape Block (Digutja Makgi) | The only reason for using this technique is to block an attack with a pole or bayonet. The lower Elbow (Palkup) should be level with the hip. |
| U-Shape Grasp (Digutja Japgi) | This is performed in the same manner as a U-Shape Block (Digutja Makgi) with the exception that the upper hand has been rotated. The purpose is to immediately rotate the "U" to effect a release of the attacking tool. A L-Stance (Niunja Sogi) is usually used. |
| Vital Spot (Kupso) | Any sensitive or breakable area on the body vulnerable to an attack. |
| Waist Block (Hori Makgi) | This is usually used to block a foot technique although a hand technique can be used when an attack is made to the Epigastrium (Sang Bokboo) or Floating Ribs (Nuk Gol). The blocking tool reaches the target at the blockers waist height. It is usually used against a foot attack. Outer Forearm (Bakat Palmok) or Inner |
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